Suchergebnisse

This study examines the USA's use of sanctions against foreign entities to prevent NBC and missile proliferation. It begins with a review of the objectives and provisions of the various US nonproliferation sanction laws, and compares the legal provisions at each step of the sanctions process

For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR743 ; This research describes an approach to hindering the spread of countermeasures against cruise missile defenses. (Such countermeasures, when incorporated in an attacker's missile or employed in conjunction with such a missile, are called penetration aids, or penaids.) This approach involved compiling an unclassified list of penaid-relevant items that might be subject to internationally agreed-upon export controls. The list is designed to fit into the export-control structure of the current international policy against the proliferation of missiles capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction. This policy, the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), sets rules agreed to by 34 governments for restricting the export of items, listed in a technical annex. This report recommends controls on 18 penaid-relevant items and subitems. Because cruise missile penaids can have applications either not restricted by the MTCR (e.g., for manned aircraft) or subject only to the regime's less rigorous controls (e.g., for relatively small cruise missiles), the report recommends that the 18 items be subject to case-by-case export reviews under MTCR procedures. To be effective, these less rigorous controls will require energetic implementation, and cooperation by Russia and China will be critical. ; Prepared for the Naval Postgraduate School, Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Combating WMD ; Defense Threat Reduction Agency ; Prepared for the Naval Postgraduate School, Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Combating WMD

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Figures -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- CHAPTER ONE: Introduction: What This Report Addresses -- CHAPTER TWO: Strategic Consequences of Hypersonic Missile Proliferation -- Principal Characteristics of HGVs -- Principal Characteristics of HCMs -- Long-Term Planning Perspectives for HGV and HCM Technologies -- Strategic Implications of Hypersonic Weapons -- The Broader Picture of Increased Risk -- CHAPTER THREE: Ongoing Hypersonic Technology Proliferation -- Committed Governments -- R&D in Less-Committed Countries -- International Cooperation -- Claimed Reasons for Pursuing Hypersonic Technology -- Challenges Posed for Controlling Proliferation -- Summary -- CHAPTER FOUR: Hindering Hypersonic Missile Proliferation -- Unilateral Measures -- Multilateral Measures -- Potential Export Controls -- Is the Missile Technology Control Regime Adaptable to Hypersonic Technology? -- Recommended Items to Control -- CHAPTER FIVE: Conclusions -- APPENDIX A: The Hypersonic Flight Regime -- Introduction -- APPENDIX B: Survey of Foreign Hypersonic Activity -- European Union -- Australia -- Belgium -- Brazil -- Canada -- France -- Germany -- India -- Iran -- Israel -- Italy -- Japan -- The Netherlands -- Norway -- Pakistan -- Singapore -- South Korea -- Spain -- Sweden -- Taiwan -- United Kingdom -- APPENDIX C: Technical and Economic Barriers to Hypersonic Systems Development -- Technical Barriers -- Economic Challenges -- Summary of Challenges -- APPENDIX D: Suggested Export Control List for Hypersonic Technologies -- Standard Additions to Export Controls -- Specific Suggestions for Export Controls -- References.